The following major programs are offered in Biology:
1. Biology
2. General Science (Biology)
3. Environmental Studies

Core Fulfilling Courses

BIO 105 The Process of Biology
BIO 115 General Biology I
BIO 120 General Biology II
BIO 128 Human Anatomy and Physiology I

Biology

Biology is the study of life. The biology curriculum aims at awakening the student’s interest in the living world, developing scientific habits in pursuing knowledge of the world and training in biological science in preparation for careers in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, research, teaching and other biological vocations.

Requirements for Biology Major
Bachelor of Science Degree

Upon completion of the Biology program, students will be able to demonstrate the ability to:

1. Understand the principles & concepts fundamental to biology.
2. Apply laboratory techniques appropriate for entry level biologists.
3. Develop problem-solving skills.
4. Be proficient in oral and written communication.

In addition to completing the core curriculum requirements, biology majors must complete the following courses:

BIO 115, 121 General Biology I and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 120, 122 General Biology II and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 205, 221 Ecology and Ecology Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 210, 222 Genetics and Genetics Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 320, 321 Vertebrate Biology and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 330, 331 Developmental Biology and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 340, 341 Cellular & Molecular Biology
and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 375,
376, 475 Special Projects (1 cr ea)
BIO 424, 426 Advanced Physiology Lab
and Advanced Molecular Lab (1 cr ea)
BIO (400 level) Advanced Biology Elective Course (3 crs)
BIO (200 level
or above) Biology Elective (3 crs)
BIO 480, 482 Biology Seminars (1 and 2 crs)
CHE 110, 120 General Chemistry I, II (4 crs ea)
CHE 121, 122 General Chemistry Labs I, II (1 cr ea)
CHE 221, 222 Organic Chemistry (4 crs ea)
CHE 231, 232 Organic Chemistry Labs (1 cr ea)
PHY 110, 120 Physics I, II (4 crs ea)
PHY 121, 122 Physics Labs I, II (1 cr ea)
Two Math/Computer Science courses (3 or 4 crs ea)
(81 or 82 crs)

Requirements for General Science Major (Biology) Bachelor of Science Degree

Upon completion of the General Science (Biology) program, students will be able to demonstrate the ability to:

1. Understand the principles and concepts fundamental to
science, with an emphasis in biology.
2. Utilize laboratory techniques appropriate for a person knowledgeable in science.
3. Develop problem-solving skills in science and related areas of inquiry.
4. Be proficient in oral and written communication skills.

The General Science Biology major is designed to complement the Teacher Preparation Program, providing an excellent background for secondary education in biology. Alternatively, this major could be combined with a marketing or professional writing minor to provide training for a non-traditional, science-related career.

The General Science Biology major does not meet the requirements for traditional biology or health-related careers.
In addition to completing the core curriculum requirements, outlined on pp. 15-16 of this catalog, General Science (Biology) majors must complete the following courses:

BIO 115, 121 General Biology I and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 120, 122 General Biology II and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 205, 221 Ecology and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 210, 222 Genetics and Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 320, 330 Vertebrate & Developmental Biology (3 crs ea)
BIO 321 Vertebrate Lab (1 cr)
BIO 340, 341 Cellular & Molecular Biology & Lab (3 and 1 crs)
BIO 480 Seminar (1 cr)
CHE 110, 120,
121, 122 General Chemistry and Labs (10 crs)
CHE 221, 222 Organic Chemistry Lecture (8 crs)
PHY 110, 120, Physics I, II
PHY 121, 122 Physics Lab I, II (10 crs)
(53 crs)

Requirements for a Minor in Biology

Biology minors must complete BIO 115, 120, 121, 122, 205, 210, 221, 222 and the following lecture and lab combinations (320, 330, 340, 341 and 321).

Course Descriptions

BIO 105 The Process of Biology (3 crs)
(meets the first core science requirement).
An introduction to biology as a way of knowing and communicating about living systems. The themes are how living systems process energy and information, relate ecologically to their environments and evolve over time. The goal is scientific literacy, i.e., skill in applying theories, evaluating evidence and manipulating concepts.

BIO 110 Biology of Reproduction (3 crs)

Reproduction is an impelling force in all biological organisms. This course investigates the processes and strategies of propagation, with major emphases on its evolution and meaning in the human race.

BIO 115 General Biology I (3 crs )

An exploration of variations on the themes of biology: metabolism, phylogeny, development, systematics, anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, animal behavior, etc.

BIO 120 General Biology II (3 crs)
(A continuation of BIO 115)

An exploration of variations on the themes of biology: metabolism, phylogeny, development, systematics, anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, animal behavior, etc.

BIO 121 The Methods of Biology (1 cr)
(Should be taken by prospective science majors)

Intensive training in laboratory techniques in cell biology,
microscopy, genetics, enzymology, biological chemistry, with computer applications.

BIO 122 General Biology II Laboratory (1 cr)

Mammalian dissection, taxonomic identifications, systematic survey of the five kingdoms, ecological studies, etc.

BIO 127 Anatomy Lab (1 cr)

Laboratory dissection of the organ-systems of the cat with supportive dissections of some other animal organs such as the heart, brain and kidney. Structures of the organ-systems will be related to human structures. Corequisite: BIO 128.

BIO 128 Human Anatomy and Physiology I (3 crs)

The first course in a two course series that examines the anatomy and physiology of the human body. This course begins with the study of the levels of structural organization and proceeds with an indepth study of the integumentary, musculoskeletal, nervous and endocrine systems.

BIO 129 Human Anatomy and Physiology II (3 crs)

The second in a two course series that examines the anatomy and physiology of the human body. This course provides an indepth study of the cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems. Prerequisite: BIO 128.

BIO 205 Ecology (3 crs)

An introduction to basic ecology. Topics include natural selection and speciation, energy flow, nutrient cycling, population dynamics, community succession and biomes. Prerequisite: Any other Biology course.

BIO 210 Genetics (3 crs)

A thorough familiarization with the principles of classical genetics of representative organisms of all kingdoms and especially of humans. Function of genes in developmental systems is emphasized. Special topics include consideration of ethical issues. Prerequisite: Completion of a core course in mathematics and any other biology course.

BIO 221 Ecology Laboratory (1 cr)

Field application of various ecological principles with overriding themes of succession and ecosystem diversity. Field trips are required. Corequisite: BIO 205. Prerequisite: Any other BIO course.

BIO 222 Genetics Laboratory (1 cr)

Practical and computer experiments in the analysis of heredity.

BIO 232 Histology (3 crs)

Microscopic anatomy of vertebrates tissues with an emphasis on the tissues of mammals. Prerequisite: Any other BIO course.

BIO 233 Histology Laboratory (1 cr)

Microscopic study of tissues from the major organ-systems
of a mammal. Students will prepare their study slides from supplied specimen. Corequisite: BIO 232.

BIO 234 (CLS 234) Pathophysiology (3 crs)

A survey of disease processes which affect tissues, organs, or the body as a whole. Prerequisites: BIO 128 and BIO 129.

BIO 235 Parasitology (3 crs)

A survey of common human parasites from the following phyla: protozoa, platyhelminthes and nematoda. Important aspects of their anatomy, physiology, life cycles, epidemiology and control will be discussed. Prerequisite: Any other BIO course.

BIO 236 Parasitology Lab (1 cr)

Laboratory identification of common human parasites that are
representative of the various genera discussed in the lecture. Corequisite: BIO 235.

BIO 237 Plant Morphology and Physiology (3 crs)

Study of the structure and function of selected types of plants. Includes propagation techniques such as tissue culture. Prerequisites: BIO 120.

BIO 240 Microbiology (3 crs)

Classification and major characteristics of viruses, bacteria and other protists, microbial metabolism and genetics. Prerequisite: Any other BIO course.

BIO 241 Microbiology Laboratory (1 cr)

Practical experiences with various bacteria, fungi and parasites emphasizing nutritional requirements and growth habits. Corequisite: BIO 240.

BIO 242 Cardiopulmonary Physiology (3 crs)

Advanced physiology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Topics include conductive tissues of the heart, ECG interpretation, blood pressure regulation, gas exchange and transport, breathing regulation, respiratory insufficiency and congenital abnormalities. Prerequisite: BIO 128 and BIO 129.

BIO 244 Invertebrate Biology (3 crs)

An advanced study of representatives of the invertebrate phyla. Includes morphology, physiology, life history and systems. Prerequisites: Any other BIO course.

BIO 272 Animal Nutrition (3 crs)

The dietary needs, including vitamins, minerals and processing of foodstuffs, by selected mammals, including humans. Deficiency disease and tolerances also included.

BIO 290 Neuroanatomy/Physiology (3 crs)

An introductory course to basic and applied neurological principles. Course includes mastery of the nervous system, terminology and neuroanatomical relationships; neurophysiological at the cellular and at the system level; major functions of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems and how these systems interact to produce appropriate responsiveness to environmental demands. Prerequisites: BIO 128.

BIO 314 Biochemistry (3 crs)

A basic course which develops concepts necessary for a description of macromolecular structure, biological regulatory processes and chemical biodynamics. Prerequisite: CHE 222.

BIO 320 Vertebrate Biology (3 crs)

An in-depth study of the comparative anatomy and systematic physiology of the vertebrate organisms with emphasis on evolutionary relatedness. Prerequisite: Any 200 level BIO course.

BIO 321 Vertebrate Biology Laboratory (1 cr)

Experimental, observational and comparative study of the structure and function of organ systems in vertebrates. Corequisite: BIO 320.

BIO 330 Developmental Biology (3 crs)

A detailed study of the mechanisms of development from gametogenesis through organogenesis, with particular emphasis on gene action, induction, cell movements and adhesions and pattern development. Special topics such as regeneration and cancer will be
discussed. Prerequisite: Any 200 level BIO course.

BIO 331 Developmental Biology Laboratory (1 cr)

Includes embryology and experimental study of the principles of development in selected invertebrates, amphibians, avians and mammals. Corequisite: BIO 330.

BIO 340 Cellular and Molecular Biology (3 crs)

Physical and chemical processes and the ultrastructure underlying functional activities of both plant and animal cells; aspects of molecular biology, cytogenetics and immunology. Prerequisite: BIO 115, 120; CHE 221. Corequisite: CHE 222.

BIO 341 Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory (1 cr)

Extensive use of basic and advanced instrumentation and development of laboratory skills in the physiological and biochemical study of the activities of cells, organelles and macromolecules of microorganisms and tissue preparations of large animals and plants.
Emphasis placed on evaluation and interpretation of lab data, correlation with library research and presentation in scientific report format. Corequisite: BIO 340.

BIO 344 Instructional and Research Techniques (3 crs)

Use of research and instructional equipment techniques for preparing research and instructional materials and reagents; techniques for obtaining and analyzing data. Prerequisite: Any 200 level BIO course.

BIO 375 Special Project: Biostatistics and
Experimental Design (1 cr)

Includes preparation for an independent research project including literature review, organization of a protocol with planned statistical treatments of data and seminar participation. Selection of a project will be with the consent and guidance of faculty. Prerequisites: Junior standing.

BIO 376 Special Project: Instrumentation and
Data Acquisition (1 cr)

Continuation of an independent research project including modification of the protocol, testing materials and methods, commencement of data collection and seminar participation. Continuation of BIO 375.

BIO 420 Toxicology (3 crs)

General principles of toxicology, including dose response mechanisms, metabolism of toxic substances and their distribution; toxic substances as carcinogens, mutagens and teratogens; and systemic toxicology will be covered. Prerequisite: BIO 340.

BIO 424 Advanced Physiology Laboratory (1 cr)

Application of physiological principles and use of equipment commonly used in medical and allied health professions. Prerequisite: BIO 320, 340.

BIO 426 Advanced Molecular Biology Laboratory (1 cr)

Advanced experimental techniques in cellular and molecular biology including gene cloning and tissue culture. Prerequisite: BIO 341.

BIO 430 Advanced Animal Physiology (3 crs)

Advanced electrophysiology of selected animal types with emphasis on neural, renal and cardiopulmonary physiology. Prerequisite: BIO 320.

BIO 436 Physiological Ecology (3 crs)

Application of ecological principles to problem solving at the organismal, population and ecosystem levels. Emphasis placed on human interactions with topics including organismal response to stressors, human population dynamics, ecosystem response to disturbance and global environmental change. Prerequisites: BIO 205 and BIO 221.

BIO 437 Physiological Ecology Laboratory (1 cr)

Field and laboratory exercises including measurements of the chemical, physical and biological attributes of forest, stream, lake, wetland and mesocosm ecosystems. One weekend field trip is required in addition to regularly scheduled outings. Students will design and conduct an individual research project. Prerequisite: BIO 221.

BIO 450 Molecular Genetics (3 crs)

The gene as a biochemical entity is examined with regard to its composition and action. Recent evidence from viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes, including humans, is synthesized to gain an understanding of the regulation of the activities of life. Prerequisite: BIO 340.

BIO 455 Population Genetics (3 cr)

Genetic analysis of population ecology. Polymorphism, speciation, mutation, inbreeding migration, selection, etc., are considered in the light of evolutionary change. Emphasis on quantitative models of the in the gene pool. Prerequisite: BIO 210.

BIO 475 Special Project: Data Analysis (1 cr)

Continuation of an independent research project including completion of testing and statistical treatment of data, preparation of a rough draft of the entire project, a poster presentation and seminar participation. Continuation of BIO 376.

BIO 480 Literature Seminar (1 cr)

Presentation of a primary literature article related to student’s research project. Participation in all seminars. Prerequisite: junior or senior standing.

BIO 482 Research Seminar (2 crs)

Oral and written presentation, in scientific format, reporting on an original research project undertaken by the student. Prerequisite: BIO 480.